Influence of Prescribed Burning on Bird Abundance and Species Assemblage in a Semiarid Great Plains Grassland

نویسندگان

  • Ashley M. Long
  • William E. Jensen
  • Raymond S. Matlack
چکیده

—Encroachment of woody plants is widespread in semiarid grasslands of the southwestern United States. Wildlife responses to shrub removal techniques in the region are relatively unknown. In 2008 and 2009, we examined avian responses to prescribed burning of ungrazed shortgrass prairie within a study area (4811 ha) near Amarillo, Texas, that is heavily encroached by honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and cholla (Opuntia spp.). Specifically, we compared relative abundance, species richness, and species diversity of breeding birds across large, spatially replicated experimental plots burned every 2 or 4 years since 2002 and unburned controls. We found no significant differences in the mean relative abundance of most species across the treatments. However, Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), Cassin’s Sparrow (Peucaea cassinii), and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) were more abundant in less frequently burned plots and unburned controls. We found no differences in species richness or diversity across the treatments. Limited variation in avian responses across the treatments likely reflects the uniform pattern of vegetation structure we found across the plots, despite repeated application of prescribed fire at 2and 4-year intervals over a 7-year period. Differences in bird species assemblages among the burn treatments might be more prominent in future years as prescribed burning continues. RESUMEN.—En las praderas semiáridas del suroeste de los Estados Unidos se ha extendido la invasión de plantas leñosas. La respuesta de la vida silvestre a las técnicas de eliminación de arbustos en la región es relativamente desconocida. En 2008 y 2009, examinamos la respuesta de las aves a la quema controlada de praderas sin pastar y de hierba corta dentro de un área de estudio (4.811 ha) fuertemente invadida por miel de mezquite (Prosopis glandulosa) y cactus cholla (Opuntia spp.) cerca de Amarillo, Texas, Estados Unidos. Específicamente, comparamos la abundancia relativa, la riqueza de especies y la diversidad de especies de aves en reproducción a lo largo de parcelas experimentales grandes, replicadas espacialmente, quemados cada 2 o 4 años desde 2002, y controles sin quemar. No encontramos ninguna diferencia significativa en la abundancia promedio relativa de la mayoría de las especies a través de los tratamientos. Sin embargo, la Codorniz Norteña (Colinus virginianus), el Gorrión de Cassin (Peucaea cassinii) y el Tordo de Cabeza Marrón (Molothrus ater) eran más abundantes en terrenos quemados con menor frecuencia y en controles sin quemar. No encontramos ninguna diferencia ni en la riqueza ni en la diversidad de especies a través de los tratamientos. La limitada variación en las respuestas de las aves a través de los tratamientos probablemente refleja el esquema uniforme de la estructura de la vegetación que encontramos a través de los terrenos, a pesar de la repetida quema controlada en intervalos de 2 y 4 años durante un período superior a siete años. Las diferencias en el ensamble de especies de aves en los tratamientos de quemado podrían ser más importantes en años futuros si continúan los incendios controlados. 1Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, Emporia, KS 66801. 2Department of Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016. 3Present address: Texas A&M Institute of Renewable Natural Resources, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite 110, 2260 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2260. E-mail: [email protected]

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تاریخ انتشار 2015